Superabsorbent polymers and sunscreen actives for use in skin care compositions

ABSTRACT

A skin care composition having from about 0.01% to about 5%, by weight, of an superabsorbent polymer which is a sodium polyacrylate, sodium polacrylate starch, sodium acrylates crosspolymer-2 or mixtures of these and a portion of the polymer comprises a grafted starch material. The superabsorbent polymer is particulate where the particles have an average particle size in the range of from about 5μ-30μ, and the individual particles in their dry or un-swollen condition are substantially non-spherical, flat, platelet, or elongated in shape. The particles have an absorption capacity of at least about 1000 times their initial dry or un-swollen volume. Additionally, the skin care composition contains from about 0.01-10% of a dry powder that is either starch or silicone based and wherein the dry powder is coated with a silicone based material. Further there is provided a UV active.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the combination of superabsorbentpolymers and sunscreen active for use in improving the look andstability of skin care products.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Skin care composition and methods of emulsifying them are known. Butthere is a continuing need for compositions that look and feel betterand are more stable over time. This is especially critical when the skincare composition is a protective composition such as a sunscreen.Consumers of these products are continually looking for newer and longerlasting compositions. As new materials, specifically superabsorbentpolymeric thickeners are developed, it is largely up to skin carecomposition formulators to determine the best methods to blend theseinto consumer products in a way that delights consumers, but hassuperior properties to existing formulae. Thus, as each new activeingredient or composition enhancer is developed, there exists an ongoingneed to find the optimal blend of ingredients and actives to developentirely new skin care compositions that have superior qualities overexisting formulae.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a skin care composition comprising fromabout 0.01% to about 5% of a superabsorbent polymer. The superabsorbentpolymer is selected from the group consisting of sodium polyacrylate,sodium polacrylate starch, sodium acrylates crosspolymer-2 and mixturesthereof and a portion of the superabsorbent polymer comprises a graftedstarch material. The superabsorbent polymer is provided assuperabsorbent particles that have an average particle size in the rangeof from about 5μ-30 μm, and the individual superabsorbent particles intheir dry or un-swollen condition are substantially non-spherical, flat,platelet, or elongated in shape. The superabsorbent particles have anabsorption capacity of at least about 1000 times their initial dry orun-swollen volume. Further there is provided from about 0.01-10% of adry powder that is either starch or silicone based and wherein the drypowder is coated with a silicone based material. The skin carecomposition may also comprise from about 1% to about 30% of a UV activeselected from a group consisting of avobenzone, cinoxate, dioxybenzone,homosalate, menthyl anthranilate, octyl salicylate, oxybenzone, padimate0, phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid, sulisobenzone, trolaminesalicylate, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, diethanolaminemethoxycinnamate, digalloy trioleate, ethyl dihydroxypropyl PABA,glyceryl aminobenzoate, lawsone with dihydroxyacetone, red petrolatum,ethylhexyl triazone, dioctyl butamido triazone, benzylidene malonatepolysiloxane, terephthalylidene dicamphor sulfonic acid, disodium phenyldibenzimidazole tetrasulfonate, diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexylbenzoate, his diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl benzoate, hisbenzoxazoylphenyl ethylhexylimino triazine, drometrizole trisiloxane,methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol, andbis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyltriazine,4-methylbenzylidenecamphor, isopentyl 4-methoxycinnamate andcombinations thereof. Further there is from about 20% to about 98% ofwater.

The present invention provides better stability over time than skin caresystems thickened with conventional thickener systems. The compositionsof this invention are also less shiny, which when applied to human skinprovide a less reflective coating which tends to make the skin looksmoother.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

All percentages and ratios used herein are by weight of the totalcomposition, unless otherwise designated. All measurements areunderstood to be made at ambient conditions, where “ambient conditions”means conditions at about 25° C., under about one atmosphere ofpressure, and at about 50% relative humidity, unless otherwisedesignated. All numeric ranges are inclusive of narrower ranges;delineated upper and lower range limits are combinable to create furtherranges not explicitly delineated.

The compositions of the present invention can comprise, consistessentially of, or consist of, the essential components as well asoptional ingredients described herein. As used herein, “consistingessentially of” means that the composition or component may includeadditional ingredients, but only if the additional ingredients do notmaterially alter the basic and novel characteristics of the claimedcompositions or methods.

“Apply” or “application,” as used in reference to a composition, meansto apply or spread the compositions of the present invention ontokeratinous tissue such as the epidermis.

“Keratinous tissue” refers to keratin-containing layers disposed as theoutermost protective covering of mammals (e.g., humans, dogs, cats,etc.) which includes, but is not limited to, skin, lips, hair, toenails,fingernails, cuticles, hooves, etc.

“Dermatologically acceptable” means that the compositions or componentsdescribed are suitable for use in contact with human skin tissue withoutundue toxicity, incompatibility, instability, allergic response, and thelike.

“Safe and effective amount” means an amount of a compound or compositionsufficient to significantly induce a positive benefit.

“Non-UV” means a material not recognized by a skilled artisan in thefield of sunscreen formulation to be a dermatologically acceptable UVactive absorbing material.

“UV active” means a material recognized by a skilled artisan in thefield of sunscreen formulation to be a dermatologically acceptable UVactive absorbing material. Such UV actives may be described as beingUV-A and/or UV-B active agents. Approval by a regulatory agency isgenerally required for inclusion of active agents in formulationsintended for human use. Those active agents which have been or arecurrently (per 21 C.F.R. part 352) approved by the U.S. Food and DrugAdministration as acceptable for use in over-the counter sunscreen drugproducts include organic and inorganic substances including, withoutlimitation, para aminobenzoic acid, avobenzone, cinoxate, dioxybenzone,homosalate, menthyl anthranilate, octyl salicylate, oxybenzone, padimate0, phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid, sulisobenzone, trolaminesalicylate, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, diethanolaminemethoxycinnamate, digalloy trioleate, ethyl dihydroxypropyl PABA,glyceryl aminobenzoate, lawsone with dihydroxyacetone, red petrolatum.Examples of additional sunscreen actives that have not yet been approvedin the U.S. but are approved for over the counter use in other regionsor countries such as Europe (per European Commission's CosmeticDirective Regulation), Japan, China, Australia, New Zealand, or Canadainclude ethylhexyl triazone, dioctyl butamido triazone, benzylidenemalonate polysiloxane, terephthalylidene dicamphor sulfonic acid,disodium phenyl dibenzimidazole tetrasulfonate, diethylaminohydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate, bis diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl benzoate,bis benzoxazoylphenyl ethylhexylimino triazine, drometrizoletrisiloxane, methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol, andbis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyltriazine,4-methylbenzylidenecamphor, and isopentyl 4-methoxycinnamate. However,as the list of approved materials is currently expanding, those ofordinary skill will recognize that the invention is not limited to UVactives currently approved for human use but are readily applicable tothose that may be allowed in the future.

“Leave-on,” in reference to compositions, means compositions intended tobe applied to and allowed to remain on the keratinous tissue. Theseleave-on compositions are to be distinguished from compositions whichare applied to the skin and subsequently (in a few minutes or less)removed either by washing, rinsing, wiping, or the like. Leave-oncompositions exclude rinse-off applications such as shampoos, facialcleansers, hand cleansers, body wash, or body cleansers. The leave-oncompositions may be substantially free of cleansing or detersivesurfactants. For example, “leave-on compositions” may be left on thekeratinous tissue for at least 15 minutes. For example, leave-oncompositions may comprise less than 1% detersive surfactants, less than0.5% detersive surfactants, or 0% detersive surfactants. Thecompositions may, however, contain emulsifying or other processingsurfactants that are not intended to provide any significant cleansingbenefits when applied topically to the skin.

“Derivatives” means an ester, ether, amide, hydroxy, and/or saltstructural analogue of the relevant compound.

“Soluble” means at least about 0.1 g of solute dissolves in 100 ml ofsolvent, at 25° C. and 1 atm of pressure.

Superabsorbent Polymer

The term “superabsorbent polymer” is understood to mean a polymer whichis capable, in its dry state, of spontaneously absorbing at least 20times its own weight of aqueous fluid, in particular of water andespecially of distilled water. Such superabsorbent polymers aredescribed in the work “Absorbent Polymer Technology, Studies in PolymerScience 8” by L. Brannon-Pappas and R. Harland, published by Elsevier,1990.

These polymers have a high capacity for absorbing and retaining waterand aqueous fluids. After absorption of the aqueous liquid, theparticles of the polymer thus impregnated with aqueous fluid remaininsoluble in the aqueous fluid and thus retain their separatedparticulate state.

Superabsorbent polymers are now commonly made from the polymerization ofacrylic acid blended with sodium hydroxide in the presence of aninitiator to form a poly-acrylic acid sodium salt (sometimes referred toas sodium polyacrylate). This polymer is the most common type ofsuperabsorbent polymers made in the world today. Other materials arealso used to make a superabsorbent polymer, such as polyacrylamidecopolymer, ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer, cross-linkedcarboxymethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol copolymers, cross-linkedpolyethylene oxide, and starch grafted copolymer of polyacrylonitrile toname a few. The latter is one of the oldest superabsorbent polymersforms created. Today superabsorbent polymers are made using one of threeprimary methods; gel, polymerization, suspension polymerization orsolution polymerization.

Gel Polymerization involves a mixture of frozen acrylic acid, water,cross-linking agents and UV initiator chemicals are blended and placedeither on a moving belt or in large tubs. The liquid mixture then goesinto a “reactor” which is a long chamber with a series of strong UVlights. The UV radiation drives the polymerization and cross-linkingreactions. The resulting “logs” are sticky gels containing 60-70% water.The logs are shredded or ground and placed in various sorts of driers.Additional cross-linking agent may be sprayed on the particles' surface;this “surface cross-linking” increases the product's ability to swellunder pressure—a property measured as Absorbency Under Load (AUL) orAbsorbency Against Pressure (AAP). The dried polymer particles are thenscreened for proper particle size distribution and packaging. The GelPolymerization (GP) method is currently the most popular method formaking the sodium polyacrylate superabsorbent polymers now used in babydiapers and other disposable hygienic articles.

Solution polymers, those made by solution polymerization, offer theabsorbency of a granular polymer supplied in solution form. Solutionsand can be diluted with water prior to application. Can coat mostsubstrates or used to saturated. After drying at a specific temperaturefor a specific time, the result is a coated substrate withsuperabsorbent functionality. For example, this chemistry can be applieddirectly onto wires & cables, though it is especially optimized for useon components such as rolled goods or sheeted substrates.

Solution based polymerization is commonly used today for SAP manufactureof co-polymers—particularly those with the toxic acrylamide monomer.This process is efficient and generally has a lower capital cost base.The solution process uses a water based monomer solution to produce amass of reactant polymerized gel. The polymerization's own reactionenergy (exothermic) is used to drive much of the process, helping reducemanufacturing cost. The reactant polymer gel is then chopped, dried andground to its final granule size. Any treatments to enhance performancecharacteristics of the SAP are usually accomplished after the finalgranule size is created.

Superabsorbent polymers can also be made by suspension polymerization.This process suspends the water-based reactant in a hydrocarbon-basedsolvent. The net result is that the suspension polymerization createsthe primary polymer particle in the reactor rather than mechanically inpost-reaction stages. Performance enhancements can also be made during,or just after, the reaction stage.

The superabsorbent polymer can have a water-absorbing capacity rangingfrom 20 to 2000 times its own weight (i.e., 20 g to 2000 g of waterabsorbed per gram of absorbent polymer), preferably from 30 to 1500times and better still ranging from 50 to 1000 times, and even morepreferably 400 times. These water-absorbing characteristics are definedat standard temperature (25° C.) and pressure (760 mm Hg, i.e. 100 000Pa) conditions and for distilled water. The value of the water-absorbingcapacity of a polymer can be determined by dispersing 0.5 g ofpolymer(s) in 150 g of a water solution, by waiting 20 minutes, byfiltering the nonabsorbed solution through a 150 μm filter for 20minutes and by weighing the nonabsorbed water.

The superabsorbent polymer used in the composition of the invention ispreferably provided in the form of particles which, once hydrated, swellwith the formation of soft beads having a number-average diameter of 10μm to 1000 μm.

The superabsorbent polymers used in the present invention are preferablycrosslinked acrylic homo- or copolymers which are preferably neutralizedand which are provided in the particulate form.

Mention may in particular be made of the polymers chosen from:crosslinked sodium polyacrylates, such as, for example, those sold underthe names Octacare X100, X110 and RM100 by Avecia, those sold under thenames Flocare GB300 and Flosorb 500 by SNF, those sold under the namesLuquasorb 1003, Luquasorb 1010, Luquasorb 1280 and Luquasorb 1100 byBASF, those sold under the names Water Lock G400 and G430 (INCI name:Acrylamide/Sodium Acrylate Copolymer) by Grain Processing, or Aqua Keep10 SH NF, Aqua Keep 10 SH NFC, sodium acrylate crosspolymer-2, providedby Sumitomo Seika, starches grafted by an acrylic polymer (homopolymeror copolymer) and in particular by sodium polyacrylate, such as thosesold under the names Sanfresh ST-100C, ST100MC and IM-300MC by SanyoChemical Industries (INCI name: Sodium Polyacrylate Starch), hydrolysedstarches grafted by an acrylic polymer (homopolymer or copolymer), inparticular the acryloacrylamide/sodium acrylate copolymer, such as thosesold under the names Water Lock A-240, A-180, B-204, D-223, A-100, C-200and D-223 by Grain Processing (INCI name: Starch/Acrylamide/SodiumAcrylate Copolymer),

Preferably, the superabsorbent polymer is a sodium polyacrylate starchthat in its non-swollen state exhibits a number-average size of lessthan or equal to 100 μm, preferably of less than or equal to 50 μm, forexample ranging from 2 μm to 100 μm, with a median particle size of 25,or preferably in the range of about 2 μm to about 40 μm with a medianparticle size of 12. The viscosity of a solution in 1% water ispreferably in the range of 20 to 30 Pas, even more preferably 22 to 29Pas, at a pH of 4, and in the range of 23 to 28 Pas, at a pH of 7.Preferred superabsorbent polymers include Makimousse 12 and Makimouse 25supplied by Kobo Products Inc.

The superabsorbent polymer can be present in the composition of theinvention in a content as active material ranging, for example, from0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably from 0.05 to 6% by weight, preferablyfrom 0.1 to 4% by weight, preferentially from 0.1 to 3% by weight,indeed even from 0.1 to 2% by weight, with respect to the total weightof the composition.

Silicone Elastomer

The composition of the present invention comprises a silicone elastomer,useful for reducing the tackiness of the composition and for providing apleasant feel upon application. One non-limiting example of usefulsilicone elastomers is crosslinked organopolysiloxane (or siloxane)elastomers, as described in U.S. patent publication 2003/0049212A1. Theelastomers may comprise emulsifying and non-emulsifying siliconeelastomers. “Emulsifying,” as used herein, means crosslinkedorganopolysiloxane elastomers having at least one polyoxyalkylene (e.g.,polyoxyethylene or polyoxypropylene) or polyglycerin moiety, whereas“non-emulsifying” means crosslinked organopolysiloxane elastomersessentially free of polyoxyalkylene or polyglycerin moeities.

The composition of the present invention may comprise from about 0.1% toabout 20%, and alternatively from about 0.2% to about 10%, of anon-emulsifying crosslinked organopolysiloxane elastomer. Non-limitingexamples of suitable non-emulsifying crosslinked organopolysiloxaneelastomers include dimethicone crosspolymers, dimethicone/vinyldimethicone crosspolymers, and copolymers, derivatives and mixturesthereof, supplied by Dow Corning™ (e.g. DC 9040, 9041, 9045, 8509, 9546,9506); C30-45 alkyl cetearyl dimethicone crosspolymer, cetearyldimethicone crosspolymer, and copolymers, derivatives and mixturesthereof, supplied by General Electric™ (e.g. Velvesil™ 125 and Velvesil™DM); dimethicone/phenyl vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer, vinyldimethicone/lauryl dimethicone crosspolymer, trifluoropropyldimethicone/trifluoropropyl divinyldimethicone crosspolymer, andcopolymers, derivatives and mixtures thereof, supplied by Shin Etsu™(KSG-15, -15AP, -16, -17, -18, -41, -42, -43, -44, -51, -103), and theGrant Industries line of elastomers, available as GRANSIL™.

The composition of the present invention may comprise from about 0.1% toabout 20%, and alternatively from about 0.2% to about 10%, of anemulsifying crosslinked organopolysiloxane elastomer, described in U.S.Pat. Nos. 5,412,004; 5,837,793; and 5,811,487. Non-limiting examples ofsuitable emulsifying elastomers include PEG-12 dimethiconecrosspolymers, dimethicone/PEG-10/15 crosspolymer, dimethicone/PEG-10crosspolymer, PEG-15/lauryl dimethicone crosspolymer, trifluoropropyldimethicone/PEG-10 crosspolymer, dimethicone/polyglycerin-3crosspolymer, lauryl dimethicone/polyglycerin-3 crosspolymer, allsupplied by Shin Etsu™ (KSG-24, -21/210, -31/310, -32/320, -33/330,-34/340, -710, -810, -820, -830, and -840); polyoxyalkylene-modifiedelastomers formed from divinyl compounds, e.g. siloxane polymers with atleast two free vinyl groups bonded via Si—H linkages on a polysiloxanebackbone.

Suitable silicone elastomers include many commercial materials. Anexemplary polyoxyethylene silicone elastomer includesdimethicone/PEG-10/15 crosspolymer (KSG-210 from Shin-Etsu Chemical Co,Ltd.).

Examples of alkyl-containing polyoxyethylene silicone elastomers includePEG-15 lauryl dimethicone crosspolymer (KSG-310, KSG-320, KSG-330, &KSG-340 from Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.).

An example of polyglycerin-modified silicone elastomers includesdimethicone/polyglycerin-3 crosspolymer (KSG-710 from Shin-Etsu ChemicalCo., Ltd.).

Examples of alkyl-containing polyglycerin-modified silicone elastomersinclude lauryl dimethicone/polyglycerin-3 crosspolymer (KSG-810,KSG-820, KSG-830, & KSG-840 from Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.).

Examples of polyoxypropylene silicone elasotmer includesdimethicone/bis-isobutyl PPG-20 crosspolymer (Dow Corning EL-8050,EL-8051, & EL-8052 from Dow Corning Corp.).

In select embodiments, the silicone elastomer is chosen from alkyldimethicone/polyglycerin crosspolymers, dimethicone/polyglycerincrosspolymers, dimethicone/poly(propylene glycol) crosspolymers,dimethicone/poly(ethylene glycol) crosspolymers, alkyldimethicone/poly(propylene glycol) crosspolymers, alkyldimethicone/poly(ethylene glycol) crosspolymers, and alkyl dimethiconecrosspolymers.

Additional Thickening Agents

The composition of the present invention may include one or moreadditional thickening agents. The composition of the present inventionmay comprise from about 0.1% to about 5%, or, alternatively, from about0.2% to about 2%, of a thickening agent when present. Suitable classesof thickening agents include but are not limited to carboxylic acidpolymers, polyacrylamide polymers, sulfonated polymers, copolymersthereof, hydrophobically modified derivatives thereof, and mixturesthereof.

One preferred thickener for use in the present invention is an acrylatecross linked silicone copolymer network (also sometimes referred to as“polyacrylate siloxane copolymer network”) and its method of making arefully disclosed in US Patent Publication 2008/0051497 A1, Lu et. al,which published on Feb. 28, 2008. These copolymers comprise the reactionproduct of:

a) M_(a)M^(H) _(b-h-k)M^(PE) _(h)M^(E) _(k)D_(c)D^(H) _(d-i-l)D^(PE)_(i)D^(E) _(l)TeT^(H) _(f-j-m)T^(PE) _(j)T^(E) _(m)Q_(g) andb) a stoichiometric or super-stoichiometric quantity of acrylate where:

M=R¹R²R³SiO_(1/2);

M^(H)=R⁴R⁵H SiO_(1/2);

M^(PE)=R⁴R⁵(—CH₂CH(R⁹)(R¹⁰)_(n)O(R¹¹)_(o)(C₂H₄O)_(p)(C₃H₆O)_(q)(C₄H₈O)_(r)R¹²)SiO_(1/2);

M^(E)=R⁴R⁵(—R¹⁷R¹⁸C—CR¹⁶Q_(s)Q_(t)R¹⁵(COC)R¹³R¹⁴)SiO_(1/2)

D=R⁶R⁷SiO_(2/2); and

D^(H)=R⁸HSiO_(2/2)

D^(PE)=R⁸(—CH₂CH(R⁹)(R¹⁰)_(n)O(R¹¹)_(o)(C₂H₄O)_(p)(C3H₆O)_(q)(C₄H₈O)_(r)R¹²)SiO_(2/2).

D^(E)=R⁸(—R¹⁷R¹⁸C—CR¹⁶Q_(s)Q_(t)R¹⁵(COC)—R¹³R¹⁴)SiO_(2/2).

T^(H)=HSiO_(3/2);

T^(PE)=(—CH₂CH(R⁹)(R¹⁰)_(n)(R¹¹)_(o)(C₂H₄O)_(p)(C₃H₆O)_(q)(C₄H₈O)_(r)R¹²)SiO_(3/2);

T^(E)=(—R¹⁷R¹⁸C—CR¹⁶Q_(s)Q_(t)R¹⁵(COC)R¹³R¹⁴)Sio_(3/2); and

Q=SiO_(4/2);

where R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸ and R⁹ are each independentlyselected from the group of monovalent hydrocarbon radicals having from 1to 60 carbon atoms;

R⁹ is H or a 1 to 6 carbon atom alkyl group; R¹⁰ is a divalent alkylradical of 1 to 6 carbons;

R¹¹ is selected from the group of divalent radicals consisting of—C₂H₄O—, —C₃H₆O—, and —C₄H₈O—; R¹² is H, a monofunctional hydrocarbonradical of 1 to 6 carbons, or acetyl; R¹³, R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, R¹⁷ and R¹⁸are each independently selected from the group of hydrogen andmonovalent hydrocarbon radicals having from one to sixty carbon atoms.

Q_(t) is a di- or trivalent hydrocarbon radical having from one to sixtycarbon atoms, Q_(s) is a divalent hydrocarbon radical having from one tosixty carbon atoms subject to the limitation that when Q_(t) istrivalent R¹⁴ is absent and Q_(s) forms a bond with the carbon bearingR¹³ where R¹⁶ and R¹⁸ may be either cis- or trans- to each other; thesubscript a may be zero or positive subject to the limitation that whenthe subscript a is zero, b must be positive; the subscript b may be zeroor positive subject to the limitation that when b is zero, the subscripta must be positive; the subscript c is positive and has a value rangingfrom about 5 to about 1,000; the subscript d is positive and has a valueranging from about 3 to about 400; the subscript e is zero or positiveand has a value ranging from 0 to about 50; the subscript f is zero orpositive and has a value ranging from 0 to about 30; the subscript g iszero or positive and has a value ranging from 0 to about 20; thesubscript h is zero or positive and has a value ranging from 0 to about2 subject to the limitation that the sum of the subscripts h, i and j ispositive; the subscript i is zero or positive and has a value rangingfrom 0 to about 200 subject to the limitation that the sum of thesubscripts h, i and j is positive; the subscript j is zero or positiveand has a value ranging from 0 to about 30 subject to the limitationthat the sum of the subscripts h, i and j is positive; the subscript kis zero or positive and has a value ranging from 0 to about 2 subject tothe limitation that the sum of the subscripts k, 1 and m is positive;the subscript 1 is zero or positive and has a value ranging from 0 toabout 200 subject to the limitation that the sum of the subscripts k, 1and m is positive; the subscript m is zero or positive and has a valueranging from 0 to about 30 subject to the limitation that the sum of thesubscripts k, 1 and m is positive; the subscript n is zero or one; thesubscript o is zero or one; the subscript p is zero or positive and hasa value ranging from 0 to about 100 subject to the limitation that(p+q+r)>0; the subscript q is zero or positive and has a value rangingfrom 0 to about 100 subject to the limitation that (p+q+r)>0; thesubscript r is zero or positive and has a value ranging from 0 to about100 subject to the limitation that (p+q+r)>0; the subscript s is zero orone; the subscript t is zero or one; and c) a free radical initiator.

As used herein, integer values of stoichiometric subscripts refer tomolecular species and non-integer values of stoichiometric subscriptsrefer to a mixture of molecular species on a molecular weight averagebasis, a number average basis or a mole fraction basis. The phrasessub-stoichiometric and super stoichiometric refer to relationshipsbetween reactants. Sub stoichiometric refers to a quantity of reactantthat is less than the quantity of reactant required for fullstoichiometric reaction of a substrate moiety with that reactant. Superstoichiometric refers to a quantity of reactant that is more than thatquantity of reactant required for full stoichiometric reaction of asubstrate moiety with that reactant. As used herein “superstoichiometric” can under some circumstances be equivalent to an excessthat is either a stoichiometric excess, i.e. a whole number multiple ofa stoichiometric quantity, or a non-stoichiometric excess.

As used herein the word “acrylate” is a collective noun for thefollowing chemical species: acrylic acid and methacrylic acid or esterderivatives thereof such as methyl, ethyl, butyl, amyl, 2-ethylhexyl,cyclohexyl, vinyl, ally, hydroxyethyl, perfluoroethyl, isobornyl,phenoxyethyl, tetraethylene glycol, tripropylene glycol,trimethylolpropane, polyoxyalkylene, organic modified polysiloxane (forexample, the acrylated hydrophilic polysiloxane used as the emulsionprecursor in U.S. Pat. No. 6,207,782), anionic acrylates/methacrylatessuch as sulfate, sulfonate or phosphate functionalized acrylate ormixtures thereof and any catalyst necessary for reaction with the epoxyor oxirane group. A single acrylate or various combinations of acrylatesand methacrylates may be employed. A preferred acrylate cross linkedsilicone copolymer is a polyacrylate cross polymer from Momentive.

Suitable thickening agents include carboxylic acid polymers such as thecarbomers (e.g., the CARBOPOL® 900 series such as CARBOPOL® 954). Othersuitable carboxylic acid polymeric agents include copolymers of C₁₀₋₃₀alkyl acrylates with one or more monomers of acrylic acid, methacrylicacid, or one of their short chain (i.e., C₁₋₄ alcohol) esters, whereinthe crosslinking agent is an allyl ether of sucrose or pentaerytritol.These copolymers are known as acrylates/C₁₀₋₃₀ alkyl acrylatecrosspolymers and are commercially available as CARBOPOL® 1342,CARBOPOL® 1382, PEMULEN TR-1, and PEMULEN TR-2, from Noveon, Inc.

Other suitable thickening agents include the polyacrylamide polymers andcopolymers. An exemplary polyacrylamide polymer has the CTFA designation“polyacrylamide and isoparaffin and laureth-7” and is available underthe trade name SEPIGEL 305 from Seppic Corporation (Fairfield, N.J.).Other polyacrylamide polymers useful herein include multi-blockcopolymers of acrylamides and substituted acrylamides with acrylic acidsand substituted acrylic acids. Commercially available examples of thesemulti-block copolymers include HYPAN SR150H, SS500V, SS500 W, SSSA100H,from Lipo Chemicals, Inc., (Patterson, N.J.).

Other suitable thickening agents useful herein are sulfonated polymerssuch as the CTFA designated sodium polyacryloyldimethyl taurateavailable under the trade name Simulgel 800 from Seppic Corp. andViscolam At 100 P available from Lamberti S.p.A. (Gallarate, Italy).Another commercially available material comprising a sulfonated polymeris Sepiplus 400 available from Seppic Corp.

“Gum” is a broadly defined term in the art. Gums include acacia, agar,algin, alginic acid, ammonium alginate, amylopectin, calcium alginate,calcium carrageenan, carnitine, carrageenan, dextrin, gelatin, gellangum, guar gum, guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, hectorite,hyaluroinic acid, hydrated silica, hydroxypropyl chitosan, hydroxypropylguar, karaya gum, kelp, locust bean gum, natto gum, potassium alginate,potassium carrageenan, propylene glycol alginate, sclerotium gum, sodiumcarboxymethyl dextran, sodium carrageenan, tragacanth gum, xanthan gum,derivatives thereof and mixtures thereof.

Natural gums are polysaccharides of natural origin, capable of causing alarge viscosity increase in solution, even at small concentrations. Theycan be used as thickening agents, gelling agents, emulsifying agents,and stabilizers. Most often these gums are found in the woody elementsof plants or in seed coatings. Natural gums can be classified accordingto their origin. They can also be classified as uncharged or ionicpolymers (polyelectrolytes), examples of which include the following.Natural gums obtained from seaweeds, such as: agar; alginic acid; sodiumalginate; and carrageenan. Natural gums obtained from non-marinebotanical resources include: gum arabic, from the sap of Acacia trees;gum ghatti, from the sap of Anogeissus trees; gum tragacanth, from thesap of Astragalus shrubs; karaya gum, from the sap of Sterculia trees.Examples of uncharged gums include: guar gum, from guar beans, locustbean gum, from the seeds of the carob tree; beta-glucan, from oat orbarley bran; chicle gum, an older base for chewing gum obtained from thechicle tree; dammar gum, from the sap of Dipterocarpaceae trees;glucomannan from the konjac plant; mastic gum, a chewing gum fromancient Greece obtained from the mastic tree; psyllium seed husks, fromthe Plantago plant; spruce gum, a chewing gum of American Indiansobtained from spruce trees; tara gum, from the seeds of the tara tree.Natural gums produced by bacterial fermentation include gellan gum andxanthan gum.

Clays may be useful to provide structure or thickening. Suitable clayscan be selected, e.g., from montmorillonites, bentonites, hectorites,attapulgites, sepiolites, laponites, silicates and mixtures thereof.Suitable water dispersible clays include bentonite and hectorite (suchas Bentone EW, LT from Rheox); magnesium aluminum silicate (such asVeegum from Vanderbilt Co.); attapulgite (such as Attasorb orPharamasorb from Engelhard, Inc.); laponite and montrnorillonite (suchas Gelwhite from ECC America); and mixtures thereof.

Suitable thickening agents include cellulose and modified cellulosiccompositions such as, carboxymethyl hydroxyethylcellulose, celluloseacetate propionate carboxylate, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxyethylethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose,methyl hydroxyethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, sodiumcellulose sulfate, and mixtures thereof. Also useful herein are thealkyl substituted celluloses. In these polymers some portion of thehydroxy groups of the cellulose polymer are hydroyxalkylated (preferablyhydroxyethylated or hydroxypropylated) to form a hydroxyalkylatedcellulose which is then further modified with a C₁₀-C₃₀ straight chainor branched chain alkyl group through an ether linkage. Typically thesepolymers are ethers of C₁₀-C₃₀ straight or branched chain alcohols withhydroxyalkylcelluloses. Examples of alkyl groups useful herein includethose selected from the group consisting of stearyl, isostearyl, lauryl,myristyl, cetyl, isocetyl, cocoyl (i.e. alkyl groups derived from thealcohols of coconut oil), palmityl, oleyl, linoleyl, linolenyl,ricinoleyl, behenyl, and mixtures thereof. Preferred among the alkylhydroxyalkyl cellulose ethers is the material given the CTFA designationcetyl hydroxyethylcellulose, which is the ether of cetyl alcohol andhydroxyethylcellulose. This material is sold under the tradenameNatrosol® CS Plus from Aqualon Corporation.

Oil Phase

The thickened aqueous phase of this invention may be combined with, oremulsified with an oil phase to form an oil-in-water emulsion or awater-in-oil-in-water emulsion. Oils may be used to solubilize,disperse, or carry materials that are not suitable for water or watersoluble solvents. Oils may be fluid at room temperature. The oils may bevolatile or nonvolatile. “Non-volatile” means a material that exhibit avapor pressure of no more than about 0.2 mm Hg at 25° C. at oneatmosphere and/or a material that has a boiling point at one atmosphereof at least about 300° C. “Volatile” means that the material exhibits avapor pressure of at least about 0.2 mm of mercury at 20° C. Volatileoils may be used to provide a lighter feel when a heavy, greasy film isundesirable. Suitable oils include hydrocarbons, esters, amides, ethers,silicones, and mixtures thereof.

Suitable hydrocarbon oils include straight, branched, or cyclic alkanesand alkenes. The chain length may be selected based on desiredfunctional characteristics such as volatility. Suitable volatilehydrocarbons may have between 5-20 carbon atoms or, alternately, between8-16 carbon atoms.

Other suitable oils include esters. These esters include esters withhydrocarbyl chains derived from fatty acids or alcohols (e.g.,mono-esters, polyhydric alcohol esters, and di- and tri-carboxylic acidesters). The hydrocarbyl radicals of the esters hereof may include orhave covalently bonded thereto other compatible functionalities, such asamides and alkoxy moieties (e.g., ethoxy or ether linkages, etc.).Exemplary esters include, but are not limited to, isopropyl isostearate,hexyl laurate, isohexyl laurate, isohexyl palmitate, isopropylpalmitate, decyl oleate, isodecyl oleate, hexadecyl stearate, decylstearate, isopropyl isostearate, dihexyldecyl adipate, lauryl lactate,myristyl lactate, cetyl lactate, oleyl stearate, oleyl oleate, oleylmyristate, lauryl acetate, cetyl propionate, C12-15 alkyl benzoate,butyloctyl salicylate, phenylethyl benzoate, dicaprylyl carbonate,dioctyl malate, dicaprylyl maleate, isononyl isononanoate, propyleneglycol dicaprate, diisopropyl adipate, dibutyl adipate, and oleyladipate. Other suitable esters are further described in the PersonalCare Product Council's International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary andHandbook, Thirteenth Edition, 2010, under the functional category of“Esters.” Other esters suitable for use in the personal care compositioninclude those known as polyhydric alcohol esters and glycerides.

Other suitable oils include amides. Amides include compounds having anamide functional group while being liquid at 25° C. and insoluble inwater. Suitable amides include, but are not limited to,N-acetyl-N-butylaminopropionate, isopropyl N-lauroylsarcosinate,butylphthalimide, isopropylphthalimide, and N,N,-diethyltoluamide. Othersuitable amides are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,872,401.

Other suitable oils include ethers. Suitable ethers include saturatedand unsaturated fatty ethers of a polyhydric alcohol, and alkoxylatedderivatives thereof. Exemplary ethers include, but are not limited to,C₄₋₂₀ alkyl ethers of polypropylene glycols, and di-C₈₋₃₀ alkyl ethers.Suitable examples of these materials include PPG-14 butyl ether, PPG-15stearyl ether, PPG-11 stearyl ether, dioctyl ether, dodecyl octyl ether,and mixtures thereof.

Suitable silicone oils include polysiloxanes. Polylsiloxanes may have aviscosity of from about 0.5 to about 1,000,000 centistokes at 25° C.Such polysiloxanes can be represented by the general chemical formula:

R₃SiO[R₂SiO]_(x)SiR₃

wherein R is independently selected from hydrogen or C₁₋₃₀ straight orbranched chain, saturated or unsaturated alkyl, phenyl or aryl,trialkylsiloxy; and x is an integer from 0 to about 10,000, chosen toachieve the desired molecular. In certain embodiments, R is hydrogen,methyl, or ethyl. Commercially available polysiloxanes include thepolydimethylsiloxanes, which are also known as dimethicones, examples ofwhich include the DM-Fluid series from Shin-Etsu, the Vicasil® seriessold by Momentive Performance Materials Inc., and the Dow Corning® 200series sold by Dow Corning Corporation. Specific examples of suitablepolydimethylsiloxanes include Dow Corning® 200 fluids (also sold asXiameter® PMX-200 Silicone Fluids) having viscosities of 0.65, 1.5, 50,100, 350, 10,000, 12,500 100,000, and 300,000 centistokes.

Suitable dimethicones include those represented by the chemical formula:

R₃SiO[R₂SiO]_(x)[RR′SiO]_(y)SiR₃

wherein R and R′ are each independently hydrogen or C₁₋₃₀ straight orbranched chain, saturated or unsaturated alkyl, aryl, or trialkylsiloxy;and x and y are each integers of 1 to 1,000,000 selected to achieve thedesired molecular weight. Suitable silicones include phenyl dimethicone(Botansil™ PD-151 from Botanigenics, Inc.), diphenyl dimethicone (KF-53and KF-54 from Shin-Etsu), phenyl trimethicone (556 Cosmetic Grade Fluidfrom Dow Corning), or trimethylsiloxyphenyl dimethicone (PDM-20,PDM-200, or PDM-1000 from Wacker-Belsil). Other examples include alkyldimethicones wherein at least R′ is a fatty alkyl (e.g., C₁₂₋₂₂). Asuitable alkyl dimethicone is cetyl dimethicone, wherein R′ is astraight C16 chain and R is methyl. Cetyl dimethicone, is available as s2502 Cosmetic Fluid from Dow Corning or as Abil Wax 9801 or 9814 fromEvonik Goldschmidt GmbH.

Cyclic silicones are one type of silicone oil that may be used in thecomposition. Such silicones have the general formula:

wherein R is independently selected from hydrogen or C₁₋₃₀ straight orbranched chain, saturated or unsaturated alkyl, phenyl or aryl,trialkylsiloxy; and where n=3-8 and mixtures thereof. Commonly, amixture of cyclomethicones is used where n is 4, 5, and/or 6.Commercially available cyclomethicones include Dow Corning UP-1001 UltraPure Fluid (i.e. n=4), Dow Corning XIAMETER® PMX-0245 (i.e. n=5), DowCorning XIAMETER® PMX-0245 (i.e. n=6), Dow Corning 245 fluid (i.e. n=4and 5), and Dow Corning 345 fluid (i.e. n=4, 5, and 6). UV Actives

The compositions of this invention may comprise a UV active. As usedherein, “UV active” includes both sunscreen agents and physicalsunblocks. Suitable UV actives may be organic or inorganic. Suitable UVactives are listed in the functional category of “Sunscreen Agents” inthe Personal Care Product Council's International Cosmetic IngredientDictionary and Handbook, Thirteenth Edition, 2010. The composition maycomprise from may comprise an amount of UV active prescribed or proposedby regulatory agencies in the US (e.g., 21 CFR part 352, 68 FederalRegister 41386, 70 Federal Register 72449, or 71 Federal Register42405), Europe (Regulation No 1223/2009 of the EU Parliament; Annex VI),Japan, China, Australia, New Zealand, or Canada. In particularembodiments, the composition comprises from about 1%, 2%, or 3% to about40%, 30%, or 20%, by weight of the composition, UV active. In anotherembodiment, the composition may comprise a sufficient about of UV activeto yield a Sun Protection Factor of at least about 15, 30 45, or 50. SPFtesting is conventional and well understood in the art. A suitable SPFtest is prescribed in 21 C.F.R. 352, Subpart D.

Suitable UV actives include dibenzoylmethane derivatives including2-methyldibenzoylmethane, 4-methyldibenzoylmethane,4-isopropyldibenzoylmethane, 4-tert-butyldibenzoylmethane,2,4-dimethyldibenzoylmethane, 2,5-dimethyldibenzoylmethane,4,4′-diisopropyldibenzoylmethane, 4,4′-dimethoxy dibenzoylmethane,4-tert-butyl-4′-methoxy dibenzoylmethane (i.e., butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane or avobenzone)(commercially available as PARSOL®1789 from DSM), 2-methyl-5-isopropyl-4′-methoxy dibenzoylmethane,2-methyl-5-tert-butyl-4′-methoxydibenzoylmethane,2,4-dimethyl-4′-methoxy dibenzoylmethane, and2,6-dimethyl-4-tert-butyl-4′-methoxy dibenzoylmethane. Other suitable UVactives include 2-ethylhexyl-p-methoxycinnamate (commercially availableas PARSOL® MCX from DSM), 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone,benzonphenone-3 (i.e. oxybeznone), octyldimethyl-p-aminobenzoic acid,digalloyltrioleate, 2,2-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone,ethyl-4-(bis(hydroxy-propyl))aminobenzoate,2-ethylhexyl-2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl salicylate,homomenthyl salicylate, glyceryl-p-aminobenzoate,3,3,5-tri-methylcyclohexylsalicylate, methylanthranilate,p-dimethyl-aminobenzoic acid or aminobenzoate,2-ethylhexyl-p-dimethyl-amino-benzoate, 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonicacid, 2-(p-dimethylaminophenyl)-5-sulfonicbenzoxazoic acid, octocrylene,zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and mixtures of these compounds.

Other suitable UV actives include 4-methylbenzylidene camphor(commercially available as PARSOL® 5000 from DSM or Eusolex 6300 fromMerck), methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol (i.e.,bisoctrizole, commercially available as Tinosorb® M from BASF),bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenol triazine (i.e., bemotrizinol,commercially available as Tinosorb® S from BASF), disodium phenyldibenzimidazole tetrasulfonate (i.e., Bisdisulizole disodium,commercially available as Neo Heliopan® AP from Symrise), ethylhexyltriazone (commercially available as Uvinul® T 150 from BASF),drometrizole trisiloxane (marketed as Mexoryl XL by L'Oreal), sodiumdihydroxy dimethoxy disulfobenzophenone (i.e., benzophenone-9,commercially available as Uvinul® DS 49 from BASF), diethylaminohydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate (commercially available as Uvinul® A Plusfrom BASF), diethylhexyl butamido triazone (i.e., Iscotrizinol,commercially available as Uvasorb® HEB by 3V Sigma), polysilicone-15(i.e., commercially available as PARSOL® SLX from DSM), isoamylp-methoxycinnamate (i.e., amiloxate, commercially available as NeoHeliopan® E 1000 from Symrise), and mixtures thereof.

The UV actives of the present invention may be encapsulated. Examples ofcommercially available encapsulated sunscreen actives include, but arenot limited to: Eusolex UV-Pearls 2292 (Merck/EMD Chemicals), whichincludes water, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, silica, phenoxyethanol,PVP, chlorphenesin, disodium EDTA, and BHT; Silasoma ME (Seiwa KaseiCo., Ltd), which includes water, polysilicone-14, and ethylhexylmethoxycinnamate; Silasoma MEA (Seiwa Kasei Co., Ltd), which includeswater, polysilicone-14, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, and butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane; Silasoma MEP(S) (Seiwa Kasei Co., Ltd), whichincludes water, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, diethylamino hydroxybenzoylhexyl benzoate, and polysilicone-14; Suncaps 664 (Particle Sciences,Inc.), which includes, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, synthetic beeswax,PEG-20, copernicia cerifera (carnauba) wax, Bis-PEG-12 dimethicone,beeswax, VP/Eicosene copolymer, sorbitan tristearate, steareth-100, andPEG-100 stearate; Suncaps 903 (Particle Sciences, Inc.), which includesethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, benzophenone-3, synthetic beeswax, PEG-20,copernicia cerifera (carnauba) wax, Bis-PEG-12 dimethicone, beeswax,VP/Eicosene copolymer, sorbitan tristearate, steareth-100, and PEG-100stearate; UV Pearls OMC (Sol Gel Technologies), which includesethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, and silica; OMC-BMDBM (Sol GelTechnologies), which includes ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane, and silica; Tinosorb S Aqua (BASF), whichincludes, bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine, and polymethylmethacrylate; Hybrid ABOS (Kobo), which includes,polymethylmethacrylate, butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane, and octylsalicylate; and Hybrid ABOMC (Kobo), which includespolymethylmethacrylate, butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane, and ethylhexylmethoxycinnamate.

Photostabilizer

When UV actives are used in the compositions of this invention, they maycomprise a photostabilizer. The composition may comprise from about0.0001%, 0.001%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1% to about 20%, 10%, 7%,or 5%, by weight of the composition, of one or more suitablephotostabilizer.

A suitable photostabilizer is alpha-cyanodiphenylacrylate is asdisclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,713,519. The alpha-cyanodiphenylacrylatemay have the general formula:

wherein one or both of R1 and R2 is independently a straight or branchedchain C1-30 alkoxy radical and any non-alkoxy R1 or R2 radical ishydrogen; and R3 is a straight or branched chain C1-30 alkyl.Alternately, one or both of R1 and R2 is independently a C1-8 alkoxyradical and any non-alkoxy R1 or R2 radical is hydrogen; and R3 is astraight of branched chain C2-20 alkyl. Alternately, one or both of R1and R2 is independently methoxy, and any non-methoxy R1 or R2 ishydrogen; and R3 is a straight or branched chain C2-20 alkyl.

A suitable alpha-cyanodiphenylacrylate is ethylhexyl methoxycrylene, or2-ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropenoate, wherein R1is methoxy, R2 is hydrogen, and R3 is 2-ethylhexyl. This material isavailable from Hallstar Company under trade name Solastay® S1.

Another suitable photostabilizer includes diesters or polyesters ofnaphthalene dicarboxylic acid as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,993,789,6,113,931, 6,126,925 and 6,284,916. Suitable diesters or polyesters ofnaphthalene dicarboxylic acid may have the following formula:

wherein each R¹ independently is an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbonatoms, or a diol having the formula HO—R²—OH, or a polyglycol having theformula HO—R³—(—O—R²—)_(m)—OH, and, wherein R² and R³, same ordifferent, are each an alkylene group, straight chain or branched,having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, wherein m and n are each 1 to about 100, 1to about 10, or 2 to about 7. A suitable diester of naphthalenedicarboxylic acid is diethylhexyl 2,6-naphthalate available as Corapan®TQ from Symrise.

Another suitable photostabilizer is 4-hydroxybenzylidenemalonatederivatives or 4-hydroxycinnamate derivatives. Suitable materials mayhave the following formula:

wherein A is a chromophoric group that absorbs UV-radiation, comprisesone divalent group or two monovalent groups with at least one grouphaving carbonyl (C═O) functionality; R′ is hydrogen, a linear orbranched C₁-C₈ alkyl radical or a linear or branched C₁-C₈ alkoxyradical; and R″ is a linear or branched C₁-C₈ alkyl radical. Exemplarycompounds include ethyl-alpha-cyano-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy cinnamate,ethyl-alpha-acetyl-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy cinnamate,iso-propyl-alpha-acetyl-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy cinnamate,iso-amyl-alpha-acetyl-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy cinnamate,2-ethylhexyl-alpha-acetyl-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy cinnamate,diethyl-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy benzylidene malonate,di-(2-ethylhexyl)-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy benzylidene malonate,diisoamyl-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy benzylidene malonate,didodecyl-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy benzylidene malonate,dipalmitoyl-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy benzylidene malonate, anddi-isopropyl-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy benzylidene malonate. Aparticularly suitable compound is diethylhexyl syringylidenemalonate(INCI name) available under the tradename Oxynex® ST from EMD Chemicals,Inc. Additional suitable 4-hydroxybenzylidenemalonate derivatives or4-hydroxycinnamate derivatives are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,357,919and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0108492A1 andUS2003/0157035A.

Other suitable photostabilizers include a 2-pyrrolidinone-4-carboxyester compounds as described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2010/0183529; silicon-containing s-triazines substituted with twoaminobenzoate or aminobenzamide groups as described in U.S. PatentApplication Publication No. 2008/0145324; fluorene derivatives asdescribed in U.S. Patent Application Publications Nos. 2004/00579912,2004/00579914, 200/00579916, and 2004/062726; piperidinol salts asdescribed in U.S. Patent Application Publications No. 2005/0220727including tris(tetramethylhydroxypiperidinol) citrate sold under thetradename Tinogard® Q by Ciba; and arylalkyl amides and esters asdescribed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0019930.

Other suitable photostabilizers are listed in the functional category of“Light Stabilizers” in the Personal Care Product Council's InternationalCosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, Thirteenth Edition, 2010.

Emulsifiers

The compositions of this invention may comprise an emulsifier. Anemulsifier is particularly suitable when the phase is in the form of anemulsion or if immiscible materials are being combined. The phase maycomprise from about 0.01%, 0.05%, or 0.1% to about 10%, 5%, or 2%emulsifier. Emulsifiers may be nonionic, anionic or cationic.Non-limiting examples of emulsifiers are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.3,755,560, U.S. Pat. No. 4,421,769, and McCutcheon's, Emulsifiers andDetergents, 2010 Annual Ed., published by M. C. Publishing Co. Othersuitable emulsifiers are further described in the Personal Care ProductCouncil's International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook,Thirteenth Edition, 2006, under the functional category of“Surfactants—Emulsifying Agents.”

Suitable emulsifiers include the following classes of ethers and esters:ethers of polyglycols and of fatty alcohols, esters of polyglycols andof fatty acids, ethers of polyglycols and of fatty alcohols which areglycosylated, esters of polyglycols and of fatty acids which areglycosylated, ethers of C₁₂₋₃₀ alcohols and of glycerol or ofpolyglycerol, esters of C₁₂₋₃₀ fatty acids and of glycerol or ofpolyglycerol, ethers of oxyalkylene-modified C₁₂₋₃₀ alcohols and ofglycerol or polyglycerol, ethers of C₁₂₋₃₀ fatty alcohols comprising andof sucrose or of glucose, esters of sucrose and of C₁₂₋₃₀ fatty acids,esters of pentaerythritol and of C₁₂₋₃₀ fatty acids, esters of sorbitoland/or of sorbitan and of C₁₂₋₃₀ fatty acids, ethers of sorbitol and/orof sorbitan and of alkoxylated sorbitan, ethers of polyglycols and ofcholesterol, esters of C₁₂₋₃₀ fatty acids and of alkoxylated ethers ofsorbitol and/or sorbitan, and combinations thereof.

Silicone emulsifiers may be use in the phase. Linear or branched typesilicone emulsifiers may also be used. Particularly useful siliconeemulsifiers include polyether modified silicones such as KF-6011,KF-6012, KF-6013, KF-6015, KF-6015, KF-6017, KF-6043, KF-6028, andKF-6038 and polyglycerolated linear or branched siloxane emulsifierssuch as KF-6100, KF-6104, and KF-6105; all from Shin Etsu.

Fatty Alcohols

The compositions of this invention may comprise one or more fattyalcohols. Fatty alcohols typically include monohydric alcohols having8-22 carbon atoms although longer chain alcohols in excess of 30 carbonsmay be used. The fatty alcohols may be saturated or unsaturated. Thefatty alcohols may be straight or branched. In particular, the phase maycomprise straight chain, saturated fatty alcohol with a terminalhydroxyl. Suitable fatty alcohols include decyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol,myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol,cetearyl alcohol, icosyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol. The phase maycomprise from about 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 3%, 5% to about 5%, 7.5%,10%, 15%, 20% of fatty alcohol.

Skin Care Active

The compositions of the present invention may comprise at least oneadditional skin care active. Many skin care actives may provide morethan one benefit, or operate via more than one mode of action;therefore, classifications herein are made for the sake of convenienceand are not intended to limit the active to that particular applicationor applications listed.

Vitamins

The compositions of the present invention may comprise from about0.0001% to about 50%, alternatively from about 0.001% to about 10%, andalternatively from about 0.01% to about 5%, of one or more vitaminsHerein, “vitamins” means vitamins, pro-vitamins, and their salts,isomers and derivatives. Non-limiting examples of suitable vitaminsinclude: vitamin B compounds (including B1 compounds, B2 compounds, B3compounds such as niacinamide, niacinnicotinic acid, tocopherylnicotinate, C1-C18 nicotinic acid esters, and nicotinyl alcohol; B5compounds, such as panthenol or “pro-B5”, pantothenic acid, pantothenyl;B6 compounds, such as pyroxidine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine; carnitine,thiamine, riboflavin); vitamin A compounds, and all natural and/orsynthetic analogs of Vitamin A, including retinoids, retinol, retinylacetate, retinyl palmitate, retinoic acid, retinaldehyde, retinylpropionate, carotenoids (pro-vitamin A), and other compounds whichpossess the biological activity of Vitamin A; vitamin D compounds;vitamin K compounds; vitamin E compounds, or tocopherol, includingtocopherol sorbate, tocopherol acetate, other esters of tocopherol andtocopheryl compounds; vitamin C compounds, including ascorbate, ascorbylesters of fatty acids, and ascorbic acid derivatives, for example,ascorbyl phosphates such as magnesium ascorbyl phosphate and sodiumascorbyl phosphate, ascorbyl glucoside, and ascorbyl sorbate; andvitamin F compounds, such as saturated and/or unsaturated fatty acids.In one embodiment, the composition comprises a vitamin selected from thegroup consisting of vitamin B compounds, vitamin C compounds, vitamin Ecompounds and mixtures thereof. Alternatively, the vitamin is selectedfrom the group consisting of niacinamide, tocopheryl nicotinate,pyroxidine, panthenol, vitamin E, vitamin E acetate, ascorbylphosphates, ascorbyl glucoside, and mixtures thereof.

Peptides and Peptide Derivatives

The compositions of the present invention may comprise one or morepeptides. Herein, “peptide” refers to peptides containing ten or feweramino acids, their derivatives, isomers, and complexes with otherspecies such as metal ions (for example, copper, zinc, manganese, andmagnesium). As used herein, peptide refers to both naturally occurringand synthesized peptides. In one embodiment, the peptides are di-, tri-,tetra-, penta-, and hexa-peptides, their salts, isomers, derivatives,and mixtures thereof. Examples of useful peptide derivatives include,but are not limited to, peptides derived from soy proteins, carnosine(beta-alanine-histidine), palmitoyl-lysine-threonine (pal-KT) andpalmitoyl-lysine-threonine-threonine-lysine-serine (pal-KTTKS, availablein a composition known as MATRIXYL®),palmitoyl-glycine-glutamine-proline-arginine (pal-GQPR, available in acomposition known as RIGIN®), these three being available from Sederma,France,acetyl-glutamate-glutamate-methionine-glutamine-arginine-arginine(Ac-EEMQRR; Argireline®), and Cu-histidine-glycine-glycine (Cu-HGG, alsoknown as IAMIN®).

The compositions may comprise from about 1×10⁻⁷% to about 20%,alternatively from about 1×10⁻⁶% to about 10%, and alternatively fromabout 1×10⁻⁵% to about 5% of the peptide. Sugar Amines

The compositions of the present invention may comprise a sugar amine,also known as amino sugars, and their salts, isomers, tautomers andderivatives. Sugar amines can be synthetic or natural in origin and canbe used as pure compounds or as mixtures of compounds (e.g., extractsfrom natural sources or mixtures of synthetic materials). For example,glucosamine is generally found in many shellfish and can also be derivedfrom fungal sources. Sugar amine compounds useful in the presentinvention include, for example, N-acetyl-glucosamine, and also thosedescribed in PCT Publication WO 02/076423 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,159,485,issued to Yu, et al. In one embodiment, the composition comprises fromabout 0.01% to about 15%, alternatively from about 0.1% to about 10%,and alternatively from about 0.5% to about 5%, of the sugar amine

The compositions of the present invention further may comprisenon-vitamin antioxidants and radical scavengers, hair growth regulators,flavonoids, minerals, preservatives, phytosterols and/or plant hormones,protease inhibitors, tyrosinase inhibitors, anti-inflammatory agents andN-acyl amino acid compounds.

Suitable non-vitamin antioxidants and radical scavengers include, butare not limited to, BHT (butylated hydroxy toluene), L-ergothioneine(available as THIOTANE™); tetrahydrocurcumin, cetyl pyridinium chloride,carnosine, diethylhexyl syrinylidene malonate (available as OXYNEX™),hexadec-8-ene-1,16-dicarboxylic acid (octadecene dioic acid; ARLATONE™Dioic DCA from Uniqema), ubiquinone (co-enzyme Q10), tea extractsincluding green tea extract, yeast extracts or yeast culture fluid(e.g., Pitera®), and combinations thereof.

Suitable hair growth regulators include, but are not limited to,hexamidine, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), hexanediol, panthenol andpantothenic acid derivates, their isomers, salts and derivatives, andmixtures thereof.

Suitable minerals include zinc, manganese, magnesium, copper, iron,selenium and other mineral supplements. “Mineral” is understood toinclude minerals in various oxidation states, mineral complexes, salts,derivatives, and combinations thereof.

Suitable examples of plant sterols (phytosterols) and/or plant hormonesinclude, but are not limited to, sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol,brassicasterol, kinetin, zeatin, and mixtures thereof.

Suitable protease inhibitors include, but are not limited to,hexamidine, vanillin acetate, menthyl anthranilate, soybean trypsininhibitor, Bowman-Birk inhibitor, and mixtures thereof.

Suitable tyrosinase inhibitors include, but are not limited to,sinablanca (mustard seed extract), tetrahydrocurcumin, cetyl pyridiniumchloride, and mixtures thereof.

Suitable anti-inflammatory agents include, but are not limited to,glycyrrhizic acid (also known as glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhixinic acid, andglycyrrhetinic acid glycoside), glycyrrhetenic acid, other licoriceextracts, and combinations thereof.

Suitable N-acyl amino acid compounds include, but are not limited to,N-acyl phenylalanine, N-acyl tyrosine, their isomers, including their Dand L isomers, salts, derivatives, and mixtures thereof. An example of asuitable N-acyl amino acid is N-undecylenoyl-L-phenylalanine iscommercially available under the tradename SEPIWHITE® from Seppic(France).

Other useful skin care actives include moisturizing and/or conditioningagents, such as glycerol, petrolatum, caffeine, and urea; yeast extracts(for example, Pitera™); dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), its analogs andderivatives; exfoliating agents, including alpha- and beta-hydroxyacids,alpha-keto acids, glycolic acid and octanoyl salicylate; antimicrobialagents; antidandruff agents such as piroctone olamine,3,4,4′-trichlorocarbanilide (trichlosan), triclocarban and zincpyrithione; dimethyl aminoethanol (DMAE); creatine; skin lighteningagents such as kojic acid, mulberry extract, hydroquinone, arbutin, anddeoxy-arbutin; (sunless) tanning agents, such as dihydroxy acetone(DHA); isomers, salts, and derivatives of any of the foregoing; andmixtures thereof.

Humectants

The compositions of the present invention may include one or morehumectants. The composition of the present invention may comprise fromabout 1% to about 30%; alternatively, from about 2% to about 20%; or,alternately, from about 3% to about 15% of the humectant, when present.An exemplary class of humectants is polyhydric alcohols. Suitablepolyhydric alcohols include polyalkylene glycols and alkylene polyolsand their derivatives, including propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol,polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and derivatives thereof;sorbitol; hydroxypropyl sorbitol; erythritol; threitol; pentaerythritol;xylitol; glucitol; mannitol; hexylene glycol; butylene glycol (e.g.,1,3-butylene glycol); pentylene glycol; hexane triol (e.g.,1,2,6-hexanetriol); glycerine; ethoxylated glycerine; and propoxylatedglycerine.

Other suitable humectants include sodium 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylate,guanidine; glycolic acid and glycolate salts (e g, ammonium andquaternary alkyl ammonium); lactic acid and lactate salts (e g, ammoniumand quaternary alkyl ammonium); aloe vera in any of its variety of forms(e.g., aloe vera gel); hyaluronic acid and derivatives thereof (e.g.,salt derivatives such as sodium hyaluronate); lactamidemonoethanolamine; acetamide monoethanolamine; urea; panthenol; sodiumpyroglutamate (NaPCA), water-soluble glyceryl poly(meth)acrylatelubricants (such as Hispagel®) and mixtures thereof.

Particulate Material

The compositions of the present invention may comprise from about 0.001%to about 40%, alternatively from about 1% to about 30%, andalternatively from about 2% to about 20%, of one or more particulatematerials and/or cosmetic powders. Non-limiting examples of suitablepowders include inorganic powders (for example, iron oxides, titaniumdioxides, zinc oxides, silica), organic powders, composite powders,optical brightener particles, and mixtures of any of the foregoing.These particulates can, for instance, be platelet shaped, spherical,elongated or needle-shaped, or irregularly shaped; surface coated oruncoated; porous or non-porous; charged or uncharged; and can be addedto the current compositions as a powder or as a pre-dispersion. In oneembodiment, the particulate material is hydrophobically coated.

Suitable organic powders particulate materials include, but are notlimited, to polymeric particles chosen from the methylsilsesquioxaneresin microspheres, for example, Tospearl™ 145A, (Toshiba Silicone);microspheres of polymethylmethacrylates, for example, Micropearl™ M 100(Seppic); the spherical particles of crosslinked polydimethylsiloxanes,for example, Trefil™ E 506C or Trefil™ E 505C (Dow Corning ToraySilicone); sphericle particles of polyamide, for example, nylon-12, andOrgasol™ 2002D Nat C05 (Atochem); polystyrene microspheres, for exampleDyno Particles, sold under the name Dynospheres™, and ethylene acrylatecopolymer, sold under the name FloBead™ EA209 (Kobo); aluminium starchoctenylsuccinate, for example Dry Flo™ (Akzo Nobel); polymethylsilsesquioxane coated tapioca particles, for example Dry Flo TS™ (AkzoNobel); microspheres of polyethylene, for example Microthene™ FN510-00(Equistar), silicone resin, polymethylsilsesquioxane silicone polymer,platelet shaped powder made from L-lauroyl lysine, and mixtures thereof.

The composition of the present invention further may compriseinterference pigments, including hydrophobically-modified interferencepigments. Herein, “interference pigments” means thin, platelike layeredparticles having two or more layers of controlled thickness. The layershave different refractive indices that yield a characteristic reflectedcolor from the interference of typically two, but occasionally more,light reflections, from different layers of the platelike particle. Oneexample of interference pigments are micas layered with about 50-300 nmfilms of TiO₂, Fe₂O₃, silica, tin oxide, and/or Cr₂O₃ and includepearlescent pigments. Intereference pigments are available commerciallyfrom a wide variety of suppliers, for example, Rona (Timiron™ andDichrona™), Presperse (Flonac™), Englehard (Duochrome™), Kobo (SK-45-Rand SK-45-G), BASF (Sicopearls™) and Eckart (Prestige™). In oneembodiment, the average diameter of the longest side of the individualparticles of interference pigments is less than about 75 microns, andalternatively less than about 50 microns.

Colorants

The composition of the present invention may comprise from about0.00001% to about 25%, and alternatively from about 0.01% to about 10%,of a colorant. Non-limiting classes of suitable colorants include, butare not limited to organic and/or inorganic pigments, natural and/orsynthetic dyes, lakes, including FD&C and/or D&C lakes and blends, andmixtures of any of the foregoing.

Non-limiting examples of suitable colorants include iron oxides, ferricammonium ferrocyanide, manganese violet, ultramarine blue, and chromiumoxide, phthalocyanine blue and green pigment, encapsulated dyes,inorganic white pigments, for example TiO₂, ZnO, or ZrO₂, FD&C dyes, D&Cdyes, and mixtures thereof.

Oil Control Agents

The compositions of the present invention may comprise one or morecompounds useful for regulating the production of skin oil, or sebum,and for improving the appearance of oily skin. Examples of suitable oilcontrol agents include salicylic acid, dehydroacetic acid, benzoylperoxide, vitamin B3 compounds (for example, niacinamide or tocopherylnicotinate), their isomers, esters, salts and derivatives, and mixturesthereof. The compositions may comprise from about 0.0001% to about 15%,alternatively from about 0.01% to about 10%, alternatively from about0.1% to about 5%, and alternatively from about 0.2% to about 2%, of anoil control agent.

Examples

The following are examples of aqueous compositions that are prepared byfirst combining the water phase ingredients and mixing until uniform.Next, the thickeners are added and the composition is again mixed untiluniform.

Sunscreen Compositions

The following are examples of sunscreen compositions that utilizecombinations of superabsorbent polymers and silicone elastomers. Thecompositions in examples 22 to 27 are prepared as follows. In a suitablevessel, the water phase ingredients are combined and heated to 75° C. Ina separate suitable vessel, the oil phase ingredients are combined andheated to 75° C. Next the oil phase is added to the water phase and theresulting emulsion is milled (e.g., with a rotor-stator mill) Thethickener is then added to the emulsion and the emulsion is cooled to45° C. while stirring. At 45° C., the remaining additional ingredientsare added. The product is then cooled with stirring to 30° C., milledagain, and then poured into suitable containers.

1 2 3 4 5 6 Water Phase: Water qs qs qs qs qs qs Glycerin 3.0 5.0 7.010.0 15.0 5.0 Disodium EDTA 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.05 Methylparaben 0.20.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Niacinamide 2.0 0.5 — 3.0 5.0 3.0 D-panthenol 0.50.1 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 Phenylbenzimidazole Sulfonic Acid 1.0 — — 0.5 — —Triethanolamine 0.64 — — 0.32 — — Benzyl alcohol 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.250.25 0.25 Oil Phase: Isopropyl Isostearate 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 — — Isopropyllauroylsarcosinate — 4.0 2.0 7.0 — 6.0 EL8051 IN¹ 4.0 — — 5.0 5.0 10.0Octisalate 4.0 4.0 4.0 — — 4.0 Homosalate — 8.0 — — — — Octocrylene 1.02.0 — — 2.0 2.0 Octinoxate — — 6.0 5.0 7.5 — Tinosorb S² — — — 3.0 — 2.0Oxybenzone — 4.0 — — — — Avobenzone 2.0 3.0 2.0 — — 2.0 Solastay S1³ — —2.0 — — 2.0 Vitamin E Acetate 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 Ethylparaben 0.20.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Propylparaben 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Cetyl alcohol1.0 0.3 1.0 0.6 0.6 1.0 Stearyl alcohol 1.0 0.4 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.0 Behenylalcohol 1.0 0.4 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.0 Cetearyl Glucoside 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.30.3 PEG-100 stearate 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Thickener: Keltrol CG-SFT⁴— — 0.1 — — — Veegum Ultra⁵ — — — — 0.5 — Methocel 40-101⁶ — — — — 0.2 —Simulgel INS-100⁷ — — — 0.5 — — Sepigel 305⁸ — — — 0.5 — —Makimousse-12⁹ 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 — Makimousse-25¹⁰ — — — — 0.2 0.6Additional Ingredients: Fragrance — 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 — EL7040¹² — 10.05.0 — — — Tapioca Pure¹³ 1.0 1.0 — 2.0 — — DryFlo TS¹⁴ 2.0 — 5.0 — — —Tinosorb M¹⁵ — — — 4.0 8.0 4.0 DC 1503¹⁶ 2.0 1.0 — — — — Total: 100%100% 100% 100% 100% 100% ¹Isodecyl neopentanoate and dimethicone/bisisobutyl PPG-20 crosspolymer, from Dow Corning ²Bemotrizinol, from BASF³Ethylhexyl Methoxycrylene, from Hallstar ⁴Xanthan gum, from CP Kelco⁵Magnesium aluminum silicate, from RT Vanderbilt Inc. ⁶Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, from Dow Chemical Co. ⁷Sodium acrylate/sodiumacryloyldimethyl taurate copolymer, isohexadecane, and polysorbate 80,from Seppic ⁸Polyacrylamide, C13-14 isoparaffin, and laureth-7, fromSeppic ⁹Sodium polyacrylate starch, from Kobo Products Inc. ¹⁰Sodiumpolyacrylate starch, from Kobo Products Inc. ¹²Caprylyl methicone andPEG-12 dimethicone/PPG-20 crosspolymer ¹³Tapioca powder, from Akzo Nobel¹⁴Tapioca and polymethylsilsesquioxane, from Akzo Nobel ¹⁵Bisoctrizole,decyl glucoside, xanthan gum, propylene glycol, and water, from BASF¹⁶Dimethicone and dimethiconol, from Dow Corning

The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood asbeing strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead,unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean boththe recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding thatvalue. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean“about 40 mm.”

Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced or relatedpatent or application, is hereby incorporated herein by reference in itsentirety unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation ofany document is not an admission that it is prior art with respect toany invention disclosed or claimed herein or that it alone, or in anycombination with any other reference or references, teaches, suggests ordiscloses any such invention. Further, to the extent that any meaning ordefinition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning ordefinition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, themeaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shallgovern.

While particular embodiments of the present invention have beenillustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in theart that various other changes and modifications can be made withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is thereforeintended to cover in the appended claims all such changes andmodifications that are within the scope of this invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A skin care composition comprising: a. about 0.01% to about 5% of an superabsorbent polymer, wherein i. the superabsorbent polymer is selected from the group consisting of sodium polyacrylate, sodium polacrylate starch, sodium acrylates crosspolymer-2 and mixtures thereof and a portion of the superabsorbent polymer comprises a grafted starch material, ii. the superabsorbent polymer is provided as superabsorbent particles that have an average particle size in the range of about 5-30 μm, iii. the individual superabsorbent particles in their dry or un-swollen condition are substantially non-spherical, flat, platelet, or elongated in shape, and iv. the superabsorbent particles have an absorption capacity of at least about 1000 times their initial dry or un-swollen volume; b. about 0.01% to about 10% of a dry starch-based or silicone-based powder coated with a silicone-based material; c. about 1% to about 30% of a UV active selected from a group consisting of avobenzone, cinoxate, dioxybenzone, homosalate, menthyl anthranilate, octyl salicylate, oxybenzone, padimate O, phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid, sulisobenzone, trolamine salicylate, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, diethanolamine methoxycinnamate, digalloy trioleate, ethyl dihydroxypropyl PABA, glyceryl aminobenzoate, lawsone with dihydroxyacetone, red petrolatum, ethylhexyl triazone, dioctyl butamido triazone, benzylidene malonate polysiloxane, terephthalylidene dicamphor sulfonic acid, disodium phenyl dibenzimidazole tetrasulfonate, diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate, bis diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl benzoate, bis benzoxazoylphenyl ethylhexylimino triazine, drometrizole trisiloxane, methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol, and bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyltriazine, 4-methylbenzylidenecamphor, isopentyl 4-methoxycinnamate and combinations thereof; and d. about 20% to about 98% water.
 2. The skin care composition of claim 1 wherein the UV active is mixed with an oil phase to form an oil-in-water or water-in-oil-in-water emulsion.
 3. The skin care composition of claim 2, wherein the skin care composition further comprises about 0.01 to about 10% of an emulsifier.
 4. The skin care composition of claim 3, wherein the emulsifier is selected from a group consisting of ethers of glycerol, polyglycerol, sucrose, glucose, or sorbitol; esters of glycerol, polyglycerol, sucrose, glucose, or sorbitol; and mixtures thereof.
 5. The skin care composition of claim 1 further comprising from about 0.1% to about 20% of a silicone elastomer.
 6. The skin care composition of claim 1, wherein the UV active is selected from a group consisting of avobenzone, homosalate, octyl salicylate, oxybenzone, phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, ethylhexyl triazone, dioctyl butamido triazone, benzylidene malonate polysiloxane, terephthalylidene dicamphor sulfonic acid, disodium phenyl dibenzimidazole tetrasulfonate, diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate, bis diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl benzoate, bis benzoxazoylphenyl ethylhexylimino triazine, drometrizole trisiloxane, methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol, and bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyltriazine, isopentyl 4-methoxycinnamate and combinations thereof.
 7. The skin care composition of claim 2, further comprising a solvent is selected from a group consisting of di-isopropyl adipate, butyl phthalimide, isopropyl phthalimide, phenylethyl benzoate, dicaprylyl carbonate, isopropyl lauroylsarcosinate, isononyl isononanoate, butyl octylsalicylate, dioctyl malate, dicaprylyl maleate, isopropyl isostearate, propylene glycol dicaprate, esters of C12-C15 alcohol benzoates, isosorbide diesters, and derivatives and mixtures thereof.
 8. The skin care composition of claim 1 further comprising a photostabilizer.
 9. The skin care composition of claim 8 wherein the photostabilizer is selected from a group consisting of methoxycrylene, diethylhexyl 2,6-naphthalate, diethylhexyl syringylidenemalonate, and combinations thereof.
 10. The skin care composition of claim 1 further comprising an active or agent selected from a group consisting of sugar amines, vitamins, oil control agents, humectants, emollients, photosterols, hexamidine compounds, tightening agents, anti-wrinkle actives, anti-atrophy actives, flavonoids, N-acyl amino acid compounds, retinoids, peptides, particulate materials, anti-cellulite agents, desquamation actives, anti-acne actives, anti-oxidants, radical scavengers, conditioning agents, anti-inflammatory agents, tanning actives, skin lightening agents, botanical extracts, antimicrobial actives, antifungal actives, antibacterial actives, antiperspirant actives, sensates, preservatives, anti-dandruff actives, substantivity polymers, detersive surfactants, and combinations thereof.
 11. The skin care composition of claim 10 wherein the vitamins are selected from vitamin B3 compound, ascorbic acid, tocopherol acetate, panthenol, dexpanthenol, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, sodium ascorbyl phosphate, retinyl propionate, and combinations thereof.
 12. The skin care composition of claim 10 wherein the active or agent is selected from glucosamine, glucosamine derivatives, salts of dehydroacetic acid, salicylic acid, hexamidine diisethionate, salts of dialkanoyl hydroxyproline, N-acyl phenylalanine, dipeptides, pentapeptides, titanium dioxide, iron oxide, zinc oxide, butylated hydroxytoluene, dihydroxyacetone, and combinations thereof.
 13. The skin care composition of claim 2 wherein the oil phase is from about 1% to about 60% of the emulsion.
 14. The skin care composition of claim 1 wherein one or more of the UV active is encapsulated.
 15. The skin care composition of claim 5 wherein the silicone elastomer is a non-emulsifying elastomer.
 16. The skin care composition of claim 15 wherein the non-emulsifying elastomer is selected from the group consisting of dimethicone crosspolymers, dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone crosspolymers, copolymers, and their derivatives, C30-45 alkyl cetearyl dimethicone crosspolymer, cetearyl dimethicone crosspolymer, copolymers, and their derivatives, dimethicone/phenyl vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer, vinyl dimethicone/lauryl dimethicone crosspolymer, copolymers, and their derivatives and mixtures thereof.
 17. The skin care composition of claim 5 wherein the silicone elastomer is an emulsifying elastomer.
 18. The skin care composition of claim 17 wherein the emulsifying elastomer is selected from the group consisting of polyoxyethylene silicone elastomer, polyglycerin-modified silicone elastomers, alkyl-containing polyoxyethylene silicone elastomers, alkyl-containing polyglycerin-modified silicone elastomers, polyoxypropylene silicone elasotmer, and mixtures thereof. 